PRC / BAS / 01
Algebra foundations
Factoring and exponents, rebuilt properly.
Open the syllabusBritish Columbia · Grade 12 · Pre-calculus 12
Pre-calculus 12 asks a BC student to see every function as a member of a family: a parent graph that has been moved, stretched, reflected or inverted. Once that habit forms, logarithms, rational functions and trigonometry stop being separate chapters and start looking like variations on one idea. Below: the course unit by unit as the BC curriculum states it, a rational function and a trig equation we worked from start to finish, twelve questions we wrote with answers, and a revision plan. Our tutoring runs next to the school course, and we do not grant provincial credits; only the school can award Pre-calculus 12.
Teaching live online since 2020 · 10,000+ students · reasoning first, formulas second
In short
Pre-calculus 12 is British Columbia’s Grade 12 pre-calculus course. Its curriculum covers transformations and inverses of functions, exponential and logarithmic equations, geometric sequences and series, polynomial and rational functions, and trigonometry in radians with identities. Modern Age Coders tutors it live online, in a batch or one to one, through our Western Canada Grade 12 Math course.
Learn it with a teacher
The first is built for this exact course. The second goes deeper on functions; the third is the calculus that comes next.

PRC / 01
Ages 16 to 18. Pre-calculus 12 taught beside the school course, in the order of the teacher’s outline. No credit is granted by us.
Open the syllabus →
PRC / 02
The same function families as Pre-calculus 12, practised to the standard of an external exam.
Open the syllabus →
PRC / 03
For a student moving on to Calculus 12: limits, derivatives and integrals.
Open the syllabus →The BC curriculum
The BC curriculum page for Pre-calculus 12 groups its content into five areas. Each area has a short label and a list of what students work on. The table quotes those lists and adds our reading of what a student actually does.
| Area | What the curriculum lists | At the desk (our reading) |
|---|---|---|
| Transformations of functions and relations | Parent functions such as absolute value, radical, reciprocal, conics, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric; “vertical and horizontal translations, stretches, and reflections”; “inverses: graphs and equations”; operations on functions | Move a parent graph and say where every key point lands; find and graph an inverse |
| Exponential functions and equations | Exponential graphing with transformations; “solving equations with same base and with different bases, including base e”; problems in situational contexts | Match the bases when you can, use logarithms when you cannot |
| Sequences and series | Common ratio, first term, general term; “geometric sequences connecting to exponential functions”; “infinite geometric series”; “sigma notation” | Write a general term, sum a finite series, decide whether an infinite one converges |
| Logarithms | Applying the laws of logarithms; evaluating with different bases; “using common and natural logarithms”; exploring the inverse of the exponential; graphing and solving | Turn a product into a sum, an exponent into a coefficient, and check the domain afterwards |
| Polynomial and rational functions | “polynomial factoring, including the factor theorem and the remainder theorem”; graph characteristics (“degree, extrema, zeros, end-behaviour”); rational functions with “asymptotes, intercepts, point discontinuities, domain, end-behaviour” | Find a factor by testing values; tell a hole from an asymptote |
| Trigonometry | “examining angles in standard position in both radians and degrees”; “exploring unit circle, reference and coterminal angles, special angles”; graphing with transformations; “solving first- and second-degree equations (over restricted domains and all real numbers)”; identities | Work in radians by default; solve on an interval, then write the general solution |
The trigonometry content names the identity families a student is expected to use: “using identities to reduce complexity in expressions and solve equations (e.g., Pythagorean, quotient, double angle, reciprocal, sum and difference)”. That list is a good checklist. A student who can write each family from memory, and say when it helps, is ready for the identity questions on any test.
Notice the verb: identities are used to reduce complexity. They are tools for simplifying and solving, not only statements to prove. Our second worked problem uses a double-angle identity in exactly that way.
Pre-calculus 12 is the course that BC’s Calculus 12 builds on: the Calculus 12 curriculum lists “parent functions from Pre-Calculus 12” as content. The families of functions learned here are the functions calculus then differentiates and integrates.
So the habits that matter most for Calculus 12 are made in this course: rewriting an expression into a friendlier form, reading a graph’s behaviour at its edges, and finding where a function is undefined. Our Calculus 12 page shows what comes next.
Source: BC Pre-calculus 12 curriculum, content and curricular competencies, in a copy fetched raw on 23 October 2026; the Calculus 12 reference is from the BC Calculus 12 page, fetched 22 October 2026. Modern Age Coders has no connection with the BC ministry of education or any school district.
Big ideas and inquiry
Pre-calculus 12 has three big ideas, each with sample questions the curriculum offers for inquiry. The questions are worth reading as a student, because each one names a confusion that shows up on tests.
| Big idea, in the curriculum’s words | A sample inquiry question it offers | Why the question matters (ours) |
|---|---|---|
| Using inverses “is the foundation of solving equations and can be extended to relationships between functions.” | “Why do some equations have extraneous roots and other equations do not?” | Squaring both sides or taking a logarithm can add or lose solutions; checking is part of solving |
| Understanding families of functions “allows us to model and understand relationships and to build connections between classes of functions.” | “A set of data looks like a parabola, but it is not. What function could be used to model this data?” | Two graphs can look alike near the middle and differ completely at the edges |
| Transformations “of shapes extend to functions and relations in all of their representations.” | “How can a rational function of the form y = (ax+b) / (cx+d) be considered as a transformation of the reciprocal function y = 1/x ?” | Rewriting a function as a moved parent makes its asymptotes visible at once |
Another inquiry question asks: “How are the laws of exponents connected to the laws of logarithms?” Many students learn the two sets of laws as separate lists to memorise. They are the same facts read in opposite directions. Multiplying powers adds exponents, so the logarithm of a product is the sum of logarithms.
A competency elaboration makes a related connection, naming “exponential functions to geometric sequences” as an example of linked ideas. A geometric sequence is an exponential function sampled at whole numbers. Students who see that stop treating sequences as a separate unit.
The estimation competency asks students to “be able to defend the reasonableness of an estimated value or a solution to a problem or equation (e.g., the zeros of a graphed polynomial function)”. In practice: sketch first, estimate where the zeros or asymptotes should be, then solve, then compare.
The reasoning competency mentions conclusions drawn “(e.g., with puzzles, games, and coding)”. That is why our first worked problem ends with a short Python check: a program that plugs values into a function and its inverse is a quick, honest test of an algebraic answer.
Worked problem 1, ours
This problem is ours. It takes the curriculum’s own inquiry question about y = (ax + b) / (cx + d) and answers it with one function, from rewriting to graph features to the inverse, then checks the inverse with a few lines of Python.
The problem. Let f(x) = (2x + 7) / (x + 3). (a) Write f as a transformation of y = 1/x. (b) State its asymptotes, domain, range and intercepts. (c) Find the inverse function and check it.
# Check that two functions undo each other, on a table of values (ours)
def f(x):
return (2*x + 7) / (x + 3)
def f_inv(x):
return 1 / (x - 2) - 3
for x in [-5, -2, 1, 1.5, 10]:
y = f(x)
print(f"x = {x:>5} f(x) = {y:8.4f} f_inv(f(x)) = {f_inv(y):8.4f}")x = -5 f(x) = 1.5000 f_inv(f(x)) = -5.0000 x = -2 f(x) = 3.0000 f_inv(f(x)) = -2.0000 x = 1 f(x) = 2.2500 f_inv(f(x)) = 1.0000 x = 1.5 f(x) = 2.2222 f_inv(f(x)) = 1.5000 x = 10 f(x) = 2.0769 f_inv(f(x)) = 10.0000
Every value returns to itself, so the inverse is right for these inputs. The value x = −3 is left out on purpose: f is undefined there.
Students who skip step 1 usually find the vertical asymptote correctly (the denominator is zero at −3) and then guess at the horizontal one. Rewriting as 2 + 1/(x + 3) removes the guessing: as x grows in either direction the fraction shrinks towards 0, so f approaches 2.
The same move works for any (ax + b) / (cx + d) with c not zero: the horizontal asymptote is a/c. Here that is 2/1 = 2, which agrees.
The curriculum lists point discontinuities beside asymptotes, and the difference is a classic test question. If the top and bottom share a factor, the graph has a hole where that factor is zero, not an asymptote. Question 9 in our practice set has one.
This function has no common factor, because 2x + 7 is not a multiple of x + 3, so there is no hole. Checking for a common factor before anything else is a habit worth building.
Worked problem 2, ours
Our second problem is a second-degree trigonometric equation solved with a double-angle identity, on a restricted domain and then over all real numbers, as the curriculum asks. It also shows the single most common mistake in this unit.
The problem. Solve sin 2x = sin x for 0 ≤ x < 2π. Then write the general solution over all real numbers.
| Approach | Steps after the identity | Solutions found | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Divide by sin x | 2 cos x = 1 | π/3, 5π/3 | Loses 0 and π |
| Factor out sin x | sin x (2 cos x − 1) = 0 | 0, π/3, π, 5π/3 | Complete |
The sine factor is zero at every multiple of π, so one family covers both 0 and π. The cosine factor repeats every 2π, so π/3 and 5π/3 each start their own family. Writing x = kπ for the first, rather than two separate families, is tidier and equally correct.
Testing one value from each family in the original equation, say x = 2π and x = 7π/3, is a fast way to catch a wrong period.
The curriculum asks students to work with angles “in both radians and degrees”. In Pre-calculus 12 the answer to a solve-on-an-interval question is usually expected in radians, and Calculus 12 works almost entirely in radians, so it is worth making radians the habit now.
A quick conversion check: π/3 is 60° and 5π/3 is 300°, the two angles on the unit circle whose cosine is one half.
Practice, ours
All twelve were written by us for this page; none is copied from a BC school, district or exam. They go through the units in the order the curriculum lists them. Try each without notes before you read the answers.
Answers, ours
We checked every answer with SymPy 1.14, and by direct substitution where a solver can miss roots. The working is what a teacher marks, so each answer shows it.
Answer 11 has a lesson beyond the math: a computer algebra system is a strong checker but not an infallible one. For more functions practice at a gentler pace, our precalculus tutoring page covers the same families for any curriculum.
Study plan, ours
Pre-calculus 12 assessments are set by the school, so the first job is learning what they look like. The plan below is ours; it assumes unit tests and a final, and you can trim it to your teen’s course.
| Weeks to go | Focus | Ready when |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | Assessment plan; parent-function sheet; transformations and inverses | Any key point moved correctly under four combined changes |
| 4 | Exponentials, logarithms, sequences and series | Same-base and different-base equations solved and checked |
| 3 | Polynomials and rational functions | Holes and asymptotes told apart on three new functions |
| 2 | Trigonometry: radians, unit circle, graphs, equations | Interval and general solutions for three equations |
| 1 | Identities and one paper against the clock | Every error from that paper copied to the mistakes page |
After Grade 12
For BC students, Pre-calculus 12 is the math course UBC names most often. The table quotes UBC’s requirements tool for British Columbia applicants, program by program.
| Program | What UBC lists about Pre-calculus 12 |
|---|---|
| Science | “Pre-Calculus 12” among the Grade 12 requirements |
| Applied Science (Engineering) | “Pre-Calculus 12” among the Grade 12 requirements |
| Commerce (UBC Sauder School of Business) | “Pre-Calculus 12” among the Grade 12 requirements |
| Food and Resource Economics | “Pre-Calculus 12 (minimum 67%)” |
| Arts | “If you intend to major in Economics, you must complete Pre-Calculus 12” |
| Media Studies | “Pre-Calculus 12 is strongly recommended” |
For several of the programs above, Pre-calculus 12 is a requirement, not an extra. A student who drops it in Grade 12 closes those doors at UBC unless they make the course up later. That is a planning fact worth knowing in Grade 11, when students choose between Pre-calculus 11 and Foundations of Mathematics 11.
UBC revises these lists, and other universities write their own, so recheck every program in your teen’s application year. Applying outside BC? Our Grade 12 math comparison lines Pre-calculus 12 up with Ontario, Alberta and prairie courses.
Students aiming at computer science often take Pre-calculus 12 alongside a programming course. Function thinking and programming support each other: a function in Python is a rule from input to output, exactly as in math. Our BC Computer Programming 11 and 12 page covers that side.
Families who home-educate in BC can find how a Pre-calculus 12 plan fits a home-education year on our BC homeschool coding and math page.
Source: UBC’s requirements tool, BC applicant program list, saved 22 October 2026, with the general rules on UBC’s requirements for Canadian high schools. UBC has no part in our classes.
Credit and class times
A family searching for Pre-calculus 12 online may want the credit itself. That comes only from a school, so we say it first.
Pre-calculus 12 credit is awarded by a school that delivers and evaluates the course, whether that is your teen’s own secondary, a summer program run by the district, or an online school. We tutor; we do not grant high school credits or issue marks for a transcript.
Diploma rules, including how many Grade 12 courses a student needs, are provincial and best confirmed with a school counsellor. The provincial graduation page would not load during our research, so this page does not state them.
Most students come mid-course: transformations went well, then logarithms did not, or trigonometry in radians arrived and the unit circle never quite settled. We start from the last test, find the first idea that slipped, and rebuild forward.
A few book lessons over the July and August before Grade 12, so that logarithms and radians are familiar before they count. Students taking an online Pre-calculus 12 course for credit often add a weekly live hour for explanation and feedback.
| Part of BC | Offset | Gap to India | Teacher’s clock for a 5:00 pm BC lesson |
|---|---|---|---|
| Most of BC, including the Lower Mainland, Vancouver Island and the Okanagan | UTC-7 all year | 12 h 30 min | 5:30 am the next day |
| East Kootenay and Golden | UTC-6 all year | 11 h 30 min | 4:30 am the next day |
BC stopped changing its clocks after 8 March 2026, when it moved to permanent UTC-7. A Pre-calculus 12 lesson set for a BC weekday afternoon therefore stays put in November. For every province’s clock, see our Canada time zones page.
Where your teen is now
Stages we use when placing a Grade 12 student, from our own teaching.
| Stage | What it looks like |
|---|---|
| 1. Formula-user | Solves a familiar equation type, but stalls when it looks new |
| 2. Family-spotter | Names the parent function behind an equation and sketches it |
| 3. Transformer | Rewrites a function into a moved parent and reads its features off |
| 4. Checker | Predicts the answer, solves, then defends it, catching extraneous roots alone |
Ask your teen which parent function is hiding in their latest homework question. A quick, confident answer is a good sign.
Stage 1 students often have algebra gaps from Grade 10 or 11. Those close fastest when found early in the year.
Before solving, sketch. Before submitting, substitute. Those two habits cover most lost marks.
Keep your parent-function sheet in view while you study until you no longer need it.
The catalogue
Live online, with a regular teacher, as a group class or one to one.
PRC / BAS / 01
Factoring and exponents, rebuilt properly.
Open the syllabusPRC / BAS / 02
Grade 9 to 12 math in one sequence.
Open the syllabusPRC / BAS / 03
For students also taking Statistics 12.
Open the syllabusPRC / EXT / 01
University-level math, started early.
Open the syllabusPRC / EXT / 02
Contest problems in the CEMC style.
Open the syllabusPRC / EXT / 03
Proof and problem solving at depth.
Open the syllabusPRC / COD / 01
Graph and test functions you define.
Open the syllabusPRC / COD / 02
Fit exponential and log models to data.
Open the syllabusPRC / COD / 03
Logarithms and exponentials at work.
Open the syllabusHow classes run
Weekdays or weekends, flexible: choose your batch, or for a very personalised plan choose 1-on-1 at your convenience, weekend mornings or weekdays.
Weekdays
After the BC school day, at the batch time you pick.
Weekends
Mornings on the Pacific clock, evenings in India.
1-on-1
Timed around unit tests and the final.
Who remembers last unit’s gaps.
Units taught as the class meets them.
A rough graph for every problem.
Every root substituted back.
Kept by unit, reviewed weekly.
Fifteen to twenty, or one student.
Student work
Some of our math students build software as well; a sample is below, with the rest on our student labs page.

AI and ML
An AI nutrition coach that reads what you eat and works you toward a target.

AI and ML
A chatbot that answers mathematics and programming questions, built and deployed by a student.

AI and ML
An assistant that helps a young person recognise unsafe situations online.

Web app
A weather forecasting site with live conditions for any location.
Fees
Begin with a free class. Ongoing lessons are billed monthly for eight live classes, shown in the currency of your region; nothing ties you to a term, and you can end at the close of any month.
Free first class
Free
no card required
Group batch
$140 CAD
a month, eight live classes
One to one
$210 CAD
a month, eight live classes
What families say
Google reviews from families and students, reproduced as posted.
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Questions from BC families
The BC curriculum lists transformations and inverses of functions, exponential functions and equations, geometric sequences and series with sigma notation, logarithms, polynomial and rational functions, and trigonometry in radians and degrees, including the unit circle, graphs, equations and identities.
No. Pre-calculus 12 credit is awarded by the school that teaches and evaluates the course. We tutor alongside it and we do not grant provincial credits, so a family that needs the credit takes the course through a secondary school, a district summer session or an online learning school.
It is one of the heavier Grade 12 courses because it covers five areas and expects fluent algebra throughout. Most difficulty comes from gaps in factoring, exponent laws or trigonometry from Grade 11. Those gaps can be closed, though nobody can honestly promise a mark in advance.
For many programs, yes. When we read UBC's tool for BC applicants on 22 October 2026, Science, Engineering and Commerce each named Pre-Calculus 12 as a requirement, and Arts required it of students planning an Economics major. Recheck in your application year.
Calculus 12 is the BC course that builds directly on it, starting from the same parent functions. Some students take Statistics 12 or Foundations of Mathematics 12 as well, depending on their plans.
That depends on your school's timetable and prerequisites, which each school sets. If the two do overlap, plan for Pre-calculus topics such as logarithms and trigonometry to be needed in Calculus 12 early, and keep both teachers' outlines side by side.
In our experience it is usually trigonometry: radians, the unit circle, general solutions and identities arrive together. Logarithms come a close second, mostly because of extraneous roots. Both improve quickly with regular mixed practice and a habit of checking every answer.
Find out the format, build a parent-function sheet, practise transformations on key points, pair exponential and logarithmic equations, check every root, write the identities from memory each week, do a mixed set weekly and sit one timed practice before the final.
Weekdays or weekends, flexible: choose your batch, or for a very personalised plan choose 1-on-1 at your convenience, weekend mornings or weekdays. BC has kept UTC-7 year-round since March 2026, so a lesson time agreed on the Pacific clock is the same in winter and summer.
The first class is free. Ongoing lessons are paid monthly for eight live classes, with no term commitment, and you can finish at the end of any month. The current group and one-to-one amounts are in the fees section of this page.
Elsewhere on this site
More for BC math and coding students.
The course Pre-calculus 12 leads into.
BC’s senior coding courses, read from the curriculum.
Math and code for home-educated BC teens.
Every subject we teach for BC families.
Pre-calculus 12 next to MHF4U and Math 30-1.
Function families for any curriculum.
Math help across provinces and grades.
The full list of our Canada guides.
What happens in a live lesson.
Start here
Tell us which unit the class is on and when the next test falls. The first lesson starts from your teen’s own recent work.
Prefer to read more first? The Western Canada Grade 12 Math syllabus lists the course week by week, and our teaching method explains a lesson.
WhatsApp us · +91 91233 66161 · connect@modernagecoders.com
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