CHSM / BASE / 01
Algebra foundations
The algebra every Grade 12 course assumes.
Open the syllabusCanada · Grade 12 math · University preparation
A student in Toronto takes MHF4U, one in Vancouver takes Pre-calculus 12, one in Calgary takes Mathematics 30-1, and one in Montreal finishes secondary school a year earlier with Secondary V math in one of three options. Parents moving between provinces, and students applying to a university in another one, keep asking whether these are "the same course". They overlap a great deal and they are not identical. This page sets the courses side by side using the names each ministry prints, shows what two Ontario universities ask for, and marks plainly the courses we could not verify. We teach alongside these school courses; we do not grant credits, in Ontario or in any other province.
Teaching live online since 2020 · 10,000+ students · course names copied from ministry pages, never from memory
In short
Grade 12 university-prep math is named differently in each province: MHF4U and MCV4U in Ontario, Pre-calculus 12 in BC, Mathematics 30-1 in Alberta, Pre-Calculus 30 in Saskatchewan. They overlap without being identical; each university sets its own requirements. Modern Age Coders teaches them live online, in a batch or one to one, through its Ontario Grade 12 University Math course.
Study with a teacher
Two are built around specific provincial courses. The third rebuilds the algebra and functions that every one of them assumes.

CHSM / 01
Ages 16 to 18. Advanced Functions and Calculus and Vectors, taught alongside the school course. We do not grant Ontario credits.
Open the syllabus →
CHSM / 02
Ages 16 to 18. BC Pre-calculus 12 and Alberta Math 30-1, taught alongside school. No credits are granted by us.
Open the syllabus →
CHSM / 03
Grades 9 to 12. Algebra to calculus, for a student whose Grade 12 trouble began earlier.
Open the syllabus →Side by side
Course names below are exactly as each ministry's curriculum page prints them, read on 22 October 2026. The "calculus" column lists a separate calculus course where the province publishes one. Grade levels are as the course names give them.
| Province or territory | Main university-prep course | Separate calculus course | Other senior courses named | Source status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | MHF4U Advanced Functions (Grade 12) | MCV4U Calculus and Vectors | MDM4U Mathematics of Data Management; MAP4C; MEL4E | Verified |
| British Columbia | Pre-calculus 12 | Calculus 12 | Foundations of Mathematics 12; Statistics 12 | Verified |
| Alberta | Mathematics 30-1 | Not verified | Mathematics 30-2 | Partly verified |
| Saskatchewan | Pre-Calculus 30 | Calculus 30 | Foundations of Mathematics 30; Workplace and Apprenticeship Mathematics 30 | Verified |
| Manitoba | Grade 12 Pre-Calculus Mathematics | Grade 12 Introduction to Calculus | Grade 12 Applied Mathematics; Grade 12 Essential Mathematics; Grade 12 Advanced Mathematics I and II | Verified |
| Quebec | Secondary V mathematics, in the Technical and Scientific option or the Science option | Taken later, at CEGEP | Secondary V Cultural, Social and Technical option | Verified |
| Northwest Territories | Moving to BC courses | As BC | As BC | Verified (adoption only) |
| NB, NS, PEI, NL, Yukon, Nunavut | Not verified | Not verified | Not verified | Not verified |
Equivalence is approximate. Two courses with similar names can differ in topics, depth and how they are examined. Alberta, for example, sets a diploma exam that counts for part of the final mark, and Quebec ends secondary school at Secondary V, with a college step between school and university. Universities decide for themselves which out-of-province course meets each requirement, program by program, and both Ontario universities we read publish separate requirements for students from other systems.
Sources: Ontario Ministry of Education curriculum service; BC Mathematics curriculum; Alberta diploma exams overview; Saskatchewan curriculum; Manitoba Grade 12 mathematics; the Québec Education Program mathematics document for Secondary Cycle Two; NWT curriculum renewal. All read 22 October 2026. Modern Age Coders is not connected with any ministry or university.
Ontario
Ontario's senior math courses go by five-character codes such as MHF4U. The university route runs through three of them in order, and the ministry's own prerequisite lines fix that order.
| Course | Title | What the ministry says it covers or requires |
|---|---|---|
| MCR3U (Grade 11) | Functions | Prerequisite: "Principles of Mathematics, Grade 10, Academic" |
| MHF4U (Grade 12) | Advanced Functions | Students "investigate the properties of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions". Prerequisite: "Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation, or Mathematics for College Technology, Grade 12, College Preparation" |
| MCV4U (Grade 12) | Calculus and Vectors | Rates of change extended "to include the derivatives of polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential, rational, and radical functions", plus vectors, lines and planes in three dimensions. "The new Advanced Functions course (MHF4U) must be taken prior to or concurrently with Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U)" |
| MDM4U (Grade 12) | Mathematics of Data Management | "Students planning to enter university programs in business, the social sciences, and the humanities will find this course of particular interest." |
The University of Waterloo's Computer Science page asks Ontario students for "Six Grade 12 U and/or M courses including" Advanced Functions and Calculus and Vectors, "Any Grade 12 U English" and "One other 4U course".
The University of Toronto starts from an "Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) with six subjects at the 4U/M level, including English", then varies by campus: its St. George Computer Science listing names MCV4U, Mississauga names MHF4U and MCV4U with MDM4U "Recommended", and Scarborough names MCV4U and MHF4U.
Neither page assumes every applicant is from Ontario. Waterloo's asks "Not studying in Ontario?" and points to a search of its requirements; Toronto's offers a "Change School System" choice listing every province and territory.
That is the practical answer to "is my course equivalent?": the university has already decided, program by program, and publishes it under your own province's name. Read that page rather than a comparison chart, including this one.
Sources: Ontario Ministry of Education curriculum service, senior mathematics course descriptions; University of Waterloo, Computer Science; University of Toronto, Computer Science; all read 22 October 2026. Requirements change each admission cycle, so check the university's page in the autumn you apply.
BC, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
The four western provinces share a broad shape: a pre-calculus course in the final year, often a separate calculus course beside or after it, and parallel courses for students headed elsewhere. The names and the exams differ.
BC's Mathematics curriculum lists Pre-calculus 11 and 12, Calculus 12, Foundations of Mathematics 11 and 12, Workplace Mathematics 10 and Statistics 12. Calculus 12 lists "parent functions from Pre-Calculus 12" in its content, and its big ideas include "Differentiation and integration are defined using limits." and "The fundamental theorem of calculus describes the relationship between integrals and antiderivatives."
Alberta's diploma exam list includes Mathematics 30-1 and Mathematics 30-2. The province says "70% of the final mark comes from course work. The remaining 30% comes from the diploma exam.", a weighting that "returned to 30% effective September 1, 2023". We could not read a primary page for Mathematics 31 or the Grade 10 and 11 sequence, so we leave them out.
Saskatchewan's curriculum site lists Pre-Calculus 20 and 30, Calculus 30, Foundations of Mathematics 20 and 30, and Workplace and Apprenticeship Mathematics 10 to 30. Manitoba's Grade 12 page lists Pre-Calculus Mathematics, Introduction to Calculus, Applied Mathematics, Essential Mathematics and Advanced Mathematics I and II.
Alberta's government publishes a fixed exam share of the Grade 12 math mark: 30 percent from the diploma exam, 70 from course work. A student moving into Alberta for Grade 12 should know that a single sitting carries almost a third of the result.
That changes how to prepare. Course work rewards steady effort; a diploma exam rewards being able to do it alone, on time, without notes. We practise both, separately.
The NWT is adopting BC's curriculum. Its education department lists, as completed, "Determining the minimum Grade 12 graduation requirements for students using BC courses", so NWT students in the senior grades are moving onto BC's course names.
For a family in Yellowknife comparing courses with a university in the south, the BC row of the table above is the one to start from, with the NWT's own graduation rules on top.
Sources: BC Calculus 12; Alberta diploma exams; Saskatchewan Pre-Calculus 30; Manitoba Grade 12 math; all read 22 October 2026.
Quebec
Quebec does not fit a Grade 12 column. Secondary school ends at Secondary V, and students who aim for university first complete a pre-university program at a CEGEP. The math choice that matters is made earlier, among three options in Secondary Cycle Two.
The Québec Education Program's math document for Secondary Cycle Two says: "They are the Cultural, Social and Technical option, the Technical and Scientific option and the Science option." Of the Science option it says students "are required to perform more complex algebraic operations".
The same document adds that "All of these options allow students to enroll in a preuniversity program." That is the general rule for entering CEGEP.
Individual CEGEP programs can add conditions. The ministry's Science program (200.B0) lists as special conditions for admission Secondary V Chemistry, Secondary V Physics and "Secondary V Mathematics: Technical and Scientific option or Science option".
So both statements are true together: every option opens the door to some pre-university program, while science programs ask for one of two options in particular. Our online math tutor page for Canada covers math help across the provinces more broadly.
A Quebec student earns a subject's credits only with a final result of 60 percent or more: Québec.ca says "To successfully complete a subject and earn its related credits, the student must obtain a final result of 60% or higher." We help with the learning behind that mark; the credit, as in every province, comes from the school system.
Sources: Québec Education Program, Mathematics, Secondary Cycle Two; Québec.ca pre-university programs (Science 200.B0); final results in Secondary IV and V; all read 22 October 2026.
Topic by topic
The quickest way to see how close two courses are is to compare what their official descriptions name. This map is ours, built only from the phrases quoted on this page; a blank cell means the description we read does not name the topic, not that the course skips it.
| Topic | Ontario MHF4U | Ontario MCV4U | BC Calculus 12 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polynomial and rational functions | Named | Derivatives of them named | Parent functions from Pre-Calculus 12 |
| Logarithmic and exponential functions | Logarithmic named | Exponential derivatives named | Both listed among transcendental functions |
| Trigonometric functions | Named | Sinusoidal derivatives named | Listed among transcendental functions, with inverse trigonometric functions |
| Limits | Used to define differentiation and integration | ||
| Derivatives | Rates of change broadened | Named | Named |
| Integrals | Named, with the fundamental theorem | ||
| Vectors, lines and planes | Named |
Two patterns stand out. First, Ontario splits the material differently from BC: functions and the start of rates of change sit in MHF4U, and derivatives plus vectors in MCV4U, while BC places limits, derivatives and integrals together in Calculus 12. Second, integration appears in the BC Calculus 12 description and not in the MCV4U description we read. A student moving from BC to Ontario, or the other way, should expect some topics to arrive earlier or later than at the old school.
Every course in the table leans on the same base: fluent algebra, comfort with function notation, and the habit of checking an answer by a second route. A student short on any of the three struggles in every province.
That is why our first class in Grade 12 math is mostly diagnosis. The course name tells us the syllabus; the student's algebra tells us where to start.
Order, depth and the exam. Alberta's diploma exam is part of the Grade 12 mark; Quebec sets a ministerial math exam in Secondary IV; Ontario's Grade 12 marks come from the school.
And the name on the transcript. A university reading an out-of-province transcript compares content, which is why it publishes its own table for each system.
A worked example
A problem that sits in the overlap of Advanced Functions, Pre-calculus 12 and Mathematics 30-1 (exponential and logarithmic equations), with a second part for students in a calculus course. The problem and solution are ours.
The problem (ours). A sourdough starter doubles in size every 6 hours, so its size after t hours is A(t) = A0 x 2^(t/6), where A0 is the starting size. (a) After how many hours is it ten times its starting size? (b) For a calculus course: how fast is it growing at that moment, in starting sizes per hour?
# Our check for the worked example: a starter that doubles every 6 hours
import math
def amount(t, start=1.0):
return start * 2 ** (t / 6)
t10 = 6 * math.log(10) / math.log(2) # when does it reach 10 times?
print("reaches 10x at t =", round(t10, 2), "hours")
print("check: amount(t10) =", round(amount(t10), 6))
# derivative from the rule: A'(t) = start * ln 2 / 6 * 2**(t/6)
rate = 10 * math.log(2) / 6
print("growth rate at that moment =", round(rate, 3))
# numerical check with a small step h
h = 1e-6
approx = (amount(t10 + h) - amount(t10 - h)) / (2 * h)
print("numerical rate =", round(approx, 3))reaches 10x at t = 19.93 hours check: amount(t10) = 10.0 growth rate at that moment = 1.155 numerical rate = 1.155
The program confirms both answers: the size reaches exactly 10 at t = 19.93 hours, and a numerical derivative (the slope across a tiny interval on either side) agrees with the formula, 1.155. Step 4, the estimate between 18 and 24 hours, is the step students skip and the one that catches a wrong log rule.
Where it sits by course, from the descriptions on this page: part (a) is the logarithmic work MHF4U names, and the exponential equations Pre-calculus 12 and Mathematics 30-1 students meet; part (b) is the derivative of an exponential function that MCV4U names and that BC's Calculus 12 lists among transcendental functions. If you want to rehearse the algebra behind step 1, our guide to solving simultaneous equations uses the same habit of checking a result by substitution.
Changing provinces
Our checklist for families, in order. None of it replaces the school guidance office, which makes the actual placement decision.
A student who has finished Secondary V has completed secondary school in Quebec. Where that student continues, and at what level, is a conversation with the receiving school or college, not a chart.
Our part is the same in every case: make sure the mathematics itself is solid, so the placement decision is the only open question.
A gap of one course, say Calculus 12 never taken before moving to a program that wants MCV4U, is usually closed in a term of steady work, not a summer of cramming.
We plan that term with the student, starting from the topics the new course assumes and the date its first test falls.
Where a student starts
Our placement stages, not any province's levels.
| Stage | What it looks like |
|---|---|
| 1. Algebra gaps | Loses marks on factoring, fractions or rearranging, whatever the topic |
| 2. Function fluency | Moves between equation, table and graph without help |
| 3. Modelling | Turns a word problem into a function and checks the answer makes sense |
| 4. Calculus ready | Reasons about rates of change and limits, not only formulas |
Most Grade 12 struggles we see are stage 1 problems wearing a Grade 12 course name. Fixing them first is faster than reteaching the new topic five times.
Ask for the last two unit tests when you book. They show the stage more honestly than a report card average.
Estimate before you calculate. If you cannot say roughly what the answer should be, the calculation has nothing to be checked against.
When an answer is wrong, find the first wrong line, not the last one. The first is where the learning is.
The catalogue
All taught live online by a regular teacher, in a batch or one to one, wherever the student lives in Canada.
CHSM / BASE / 01
The algebra every Grade 12 course assumes.
Open the syllabusCHSM / BASE / 02
Functions explored by writing small programs.
Open the syllabusCHSM / BASE / 03
For MDM4U, Statistics 12 and similar courses.
Open the syllabusCHSM / G12 / 01
For schools in Canada that offer AP.
Open the syllabusCHSM / G12 / 02
A calculus course with its own exam.
Open the syllabusCHSM / G12 / 03
Contest problem solving up to the Euclid.
Open the syllabusCHSM / NXT / 01
Calculus and linear algebra at first-year level.
Open the syllabusCHSM / NXT / 02
Statistics and linear algebra behind machine learning.
Open the syllabusCHSM / NXT / 03
For students headed to computer science programs.
Open the syllabusHow lessons run
Weekdays or weekends, flexible: choose your batch, or for a very personalised plan choose 1-on-1 at your convenience, weekend mornings or weekdays.
Weekdays
After school, in your province's local time.
Weekends
Longer weekend morning sessions before unit tests.
1-on-1
Planned around the school's own test calendar.
Taught to the course your school runs.
The algebra underneath is checked in week one.
Every answer is checked against a rough guess.
Never done for the student.
Timed papers before diploma or ministerial exams.
Fifteen to twenty students, or one to one.
Student work
Many of our math students also code. Some of their work is below, and the student labs show the rest.

AI and ML
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A chatbot that answers mathematics and programming questions, built and deployed by a student.

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Web app
A weather forecasting site with live conditions for any location.
Fees
Our fee pays for teaching only: a monthly fee for eight live classes a month, with no contract for the school year, so a student can stop once the Grade 12 course is done. School fees and exam arrangements are separate, with the school.
Free first class
Free
no card required
Group batch
$100 USD
a month, eight live classes
One to one
$150 USD
a month, eight live classes
What families say
Reviews from parents on Google, exactly as posted.
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Questions from Canadian families
There is no official one-to-one equivalent. The closest courses by name and level are Pre-calculus 12 in BC, Mathematics 30-1 in Alberta, Pre-Calculus 30 in Saskatchewan and Grade 12 Pre-Calculus Mathematics in Manitoba. Universities decide for themselves which course meets each of their requirements.
They play a similar role in BC and Alberta, as the main university-preparation math course of the final year, but they are separate provincial courses. Alberta adds a diploma exam that counts for 30 percent of the final mark. Check each university program's requirement page for your province.
MCV4U is Ontario's Grade 12 Calculus and Vectors course. Its description covers derivatives of polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential, rational and radical functions, and vectors with lines and planes in three dimensions. MHF4U must be taken before or at the same time.
Yes. BC's curriculum lists Calculus 12, which defines differentiation and integration using limits and includes the fundamental theorem of calculus. It builds on functions from Pre-calculus 12.
Quebec secondary school ends at Secondary V. Students take Secondary V math in one of three options: Cultural, Social and Technical; Technical and Scientific; or Science. CEGEP Science programs ask for Secondary V math in the Technical and Scientific option or the Science option.
It varies by university and program. For Ontario applicants, the University of Waterloo lists Advanced Functions and Calculus and Vectors among six Grade 12 U or M courses, and the University of Toronto lists MCV4U, or MHF4U and MCV4U, depending on the campus. Applicants from other provinces should switch the university page to their own school system.
We could not read a primary Alberta page for Mathematics 31 on 22 October 2026, so we do not describe it here. The Alberta course we could verify for university-preparation math is Mathematics 30-1, with Mathematics 30-2 as the other diploma course.
No. Our classes run beside the school course, and we do not grant credits in Ontario or anywhere else. Credits, marks and diploma exams stay with the school system.
Weekdays or weekends, flexible: choose your batch, or for a very personalised plan choose 1-on-1 at your convenience, weekend mornings or weekdays. We set the time in your own province's clock.
They can produce answers, and that is the problem: an answer without the reasoning does not survive a test or a diploma exam. We teach the reasoning. ChatGPT needs a parent's permission for anyone under 18.
Elsewhere on this site
More math and computer science help for Canadian students.
Math help mapped to each province.
Every Canadian page we publish.
For students on the MHF4U and MCV4U route.
For Pre-calculus 12 and Calculus 12 students.
For Mathematics 30-1 students facing a diploma exam.
Contest math beside the school course.
For students taking a calculus course.
Functions, logarithms and trigonometry.
The reasoning the Science option asks for.
Start here
Send the course name and the last unit test. The first class works through a short problem in that course, and the teacher tells you honestly which stage of our ladder the student is at and how many weeks the gap should take.
To see a lesson before you book, read how a class runs, or browse the complete catalogue of syllabuses.
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