Practice Questions — Functions in Python

def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("Aarav"))

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

result = add(10, 20)
print(result)
print(add(3, 7))

def say_hi():
    print("Hi!")

result = say_hi()
print(result)

def square(n):
    return n ** 2

print(square(4))
print(square(0))
print(square(-3))

def greet(name, greeting="Hello"):
    return f"{greeting}, {name}!"

print(greet("Priya"))
print(greet("Rohan", "Welcome"))

def min_max(numbers):
    return min(numbers), max(numbers)

result = min_max([5, 2, 8, 1, 9])
print(result)
print(type(result))

lo, hi = min_max([5, 2, 8, 1, 9])
print(lo, hi)

def total(*args):
    return sum(args)

print(total(1, 2, 3))
print(total(10))
print(total())

def info(**kwargs):
    for key, value in sorted(kwargs.items()):
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

info(name="Aarav", age=16, city="Delhi")

def describe(name, age, city="Unknown"):
    print(f"{name}, {age}, {city}")

describe("Priya", 15)
describe(city="Mumbai", age=16, name="Rohan")
describe("Meera", city="Pune", age=14)

def check(n):
    if n > 0:
        return "Positive"
    elif n < 0:
        return "Negative"

print(check(5))
print(check(-3))
print(check(0))

def power(base, exp=2):
    return base ** exp

print(power(3))
print(power(3, 3))
print(power(exp=4, base=2))

def apply(func, value):
    return func(value)

def double(x):
    return x * 2

print(apply(double, 5))
print(apply(len, "hello"))
print(apply(str, 42))

def factorial(n):
    if n <= 1:
        return 1
    return n * factorial(n - 1)

print(factorial(5))
print(factorial(0))
print(factorial(1))

def add_item(item, items=[]):
    items.append(item)
    return items

print(add_item("a"))
print(add_item("b"))
print(add_item("c"))

x = 10

def outer():
    x = 20
    def inner():
        x = 30
        print("inner:", x)
    inner()
    print("outer:", x)

outer()
print("global:", x)

def make_counter():
    count = 0
    def increment():
        nonlocal count
        count += 1
        return count
    return increment

counter = make_counter()
print(counter())
print(counter())
print(counter())

def func(a, b, *args, **kwargs):
    print(a, b)
    print(args)
    print(kwargs)

func(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, x=10, y=20)

def fibonacci(n):
    if n <= 0:
        return 0
    if n == 1:
        return 1
    return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)

print(fibonacci(6))
print(fibonacci(7))

def multiply(a, b):
    return a * b

print(multiply(3, 4))
print(multiply("hi", 3))

def is_even(n):
    return n % 2 == 0

print(is_even(4))
print(is_even(7))
print(type(is_even(4)))

def greet():
    return "Hello!"

a = greet
b = greet()
print(a)
print(b)

def process(numbers):
    numbers.append(4)
    return numbers

original = [1, 2, 3]
result = process(original)
print(original)
print(result)
print(original is result)

def outer():
    result = []
    for i in range(3):
        def inner():
            return i
        result.append(inner)
    return result

funcs = outer()
for f in funcs:
    print(f())

def mystery(n):
    if n <= 0:
        return ""
    return mystery(n - 1) + str(n)

print(mystery(5))

def swap(a, b):
    a, b = b, a
    return a, b

x, y = 10, 20
result = swap(x, y)
print(result)
print(x, y)

def accumulate(*args):
    total = 0
    results = []
    for n in args:
        total += n
        results.append(total)
    return results

print(accumulate(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))

def compose(f, g):
    def combined(x):
        return f(g(x))
    return combined

def double(x):
    return x * 2

def increment(x):
    return x + 1

fn = compose(double, increment)
print(fn(5))
print(fn(10))

def power_factory(exp):
    def power(base):
        return base ** exp
    return power

square = power_factory(2)
cube = power_factory(3)

print(square(5))
print(cube(3))
print(power_factory(4)(2))

def f(x=[]):
    x.append(1)
    return len(x)
print(f(), f(), f())

def f():
    return
result = f()